Showing posts with label NAGPRA. Show all posts
Showing posts with label NAGPRA. Show all posts

Tuesday, July 5, 2016

Midwest American Indian & Earthworks Video

"Tribal Participation in the Preservation of the Newark Earthworks" 
-Interim Director Marti Chaatsmith February 18, 2015

When researching a new topic or trying to find more information, finding videos with reliable sources is difficult. Midwest American Indian & Earthworks Videos is our attempt at collating 
free, online, informational videos about American Indian cultures, particularly from the Great Lakes, and monumental earthworks histories worldwide. These videos represent a small sample of current or recent knowledge and we hope you find them useful to introduce topics and terms for research, general knowledge, and to use as classroom resources. This is by no means a comprehensive list and links may be subject to change. As time passes, information is updated and 
so described conclusions may no longer be valid.

The full Midwest American Indian & Earthworks Videos tab is
always available on the right-hand side of our blog,
under the heading Collected Resources.



We welcome your input and would like to hear from you; 
please contact us at earthworks@osu.edu .

The views, opinions, and beliefs expressed within all articles, videos, and links from this blog
do not necessarily represent The Ohio State University or the Newark Earthworks Center.
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Wednesday, April 20, 2016

Ohio History Connection's New American Indian Liason

Stacy Halfmoon, the new director of American Indian Relations at the Ohio History Connection. Image Courtesy of Columbus Monthly.
Stacy Halfmoon, the new director of American Indian Relations
at the Ohio History Connection.
Image Courtesy of Columbus Monthly.
April 2016.
Debbie Briner, of Columbus Monthly, has written an informative article about the Ohio History Connection's new director of American Indian Relations, Stacy Halfmoon, and the Ohio History Connection's recent efforts to connect with the historic nations of Ohio.

"[Stacy] Halfmoon began her new duties in November as the first director of American Indian relations at the Ohio History Connection (the former Ohio Historical Society), which operates the Ohio History Center in North Columbus. “The American Indian history and the American Indian heritage in Ohio is tremendous,” she says.
History Connection CEO Burt Logan says Halfmoon’s hiring builds on his nonprofit’s efforts to educate about the history, archeology, culture and artifacts of Native American tribes who once inhabited the state. “If we look at it morally, it just feels like it’s the right thing to do,” Logan says. “Ohio was home to many Native American tribes prior to white Europeans migrating to the Midwest and forcing their removal. We really have significant parts of their heritage and their culture.”
Of his organization’s 57 historic sites, Logan says about 20 have some relationship with that period of European settlement. Halfmoon cites the nationally recognized prehistoric Newark Earthworks and the Serpent Mound in Adams County as examples of the significant presence of ancient Native American cultures in Ohio. “I am very respectful of the history,” Logan says."

To read the full article, click here.

For more information,
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Monday, February 22, 2016

How NAGPRA Works in Museums

February 9, 2016.
Evan Hawkins, of the Buffalo Bill Center of the West Blog, has written an interesting post about how NAGPRA, or Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act is followed through a museum staff's perspective.

"Another consultation process at DMNS involved a sacred medicine bundle and eagle feather war bonnet repatriation, but NAGPRA was not involved. The medicine bundle was needed for traditional adherence to an ongoing religious practice, and through research I found that the war bonnet was sold under duress by a woman who did not have the right of alienation. These objects belonged to a society of warriors, so they could not be sold by an individual. This is an example of objects of cultural patrimony.

Because the group requesting the consultation was a Canadian First Nation, NAGPRA did not apply. This First Nations group had American tribes in its confederacy, so DMNS [Denver Museum of Nature & Science] sought to deaccession it out of the collection so it could eventually return to Canada. However, the presence of eagle feathers made international travel impossible because of restrictions on protected species. "

To read the full post, click here.

For more information,
Visit:
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Thursday, February 18, 2016

'Bring Them Home': Rosebud Sioux Seeking Return of Relatives Buried at Carlisle Indian Industrial School

From 1879 until 1918, more than 10,000 Native American children from 140 tribes attended Carlisle. Only 158 graduated. (c.1900). Image Courtesy of Frontier Forts, Wikipedia and Indian Country Today.
From 1879 until 1918, more than 10,000 Native American children from 140 tribes attended Carlisle.
Only 158 graduated. (c.1900).
Image Courtesy of Frontier Forts, Wikipedia and Indian Country Today.
February 8, 2016.
Rick Kearns, of Indian Country Today, has written an informative article about the efforts of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe to bring home the remains of several Lakota children buried at Carlisle Indian Industrial School. Carlisle Indian Industrial School was used as a model for the federal policy of forced assimilation; developed with the goal of eradicating American Indian cultures. The Self-Determination and Educational Assistance Act of 1975 recognized American Indian nations' right to 'plan, conduct, and administer programs and services [affecting them]'(Page 2). Today, only a few boarding schools are still in operation.

"Last month, Soldier Wolf wrote a letter to LTC Greg W. Ank, Garrison Commander of Carlisle, saying that, “Our ancestors should not be a tourist attraction. Our ancestors are no longer considered objects of research; they will no longer be considered roadside attractions. These children were people; they were sons, daughters, nieces, nephews, future war chiefs, future mothers, grandmothers, grandfathers, and caretakers of this land. For them to be taken away and never given back is appalling.” "

To read the full article, click here.

For more information,
Visit:
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Monday, February 15, 2016

Ancient Ohio Sites Lack State Protection From Archaeology Scavengers



Tarps and a hole are evidence that someone has searched this rock shelter in Hocking County for ancient artifacts (2003). Image Courtesy of Jarrod Burks of Ohio Valley Archaeology and The Columbus Dispatch.
Tarps and a hole are evidence that someone has searched this rock shelter
 in Hocking County for ancient artifacts (2003).
Image Courtesy of Jarrod Burks of Ohio Valley Archaeology and The Columbus Dispatch.
January 11, 2016.
Earl Rinehart, of The Columbus Dispatch, has written an brief explanatory opinion article about the current state of Ohio's cultural artifact laws, those that protect the sa.

"Why Ohio doesn’t have stronger cultural artifact laws is difficult to answer, said Jarrod Burks, director of archaeological geophysics for the consulting firm Ohio Valley Archaeology.

It could be that Ohioans don’t feel a tie to the Native Americans who made the area their home long ago, Burks said. Also, there is no federally recognized seat of a tribal government in Ohio to push for change, he said.

“I bet, if people started looting our pioneer cemeteries, folks would have something to say about it,” Burks said. “For a lot of us, it’s not our history we’re trampling on, it’s someone else’s history.” "

To read the full article, click here.

For more information,
Visit:
  • Miami Tribe of Oklahoma
  • Cultural resources: Why should they be protected? 
    • "Common motives to commit artifact theft and vandalism include a fascination with the past, a desire to collect artifacts, and knowledge of the monetary value of the artifacts coupled with an intent to sell. For some, artifact hunting, or "pot-hunting" is a family tradition that, to the perpetrator, seems harmless and perhaps even victimless. Beyond the obvious legal violations, some collectors do not understand the moral and historical implications of separating an item from where it was found and thus separating it from its historical context, its story, and from what it could tell us about how it was used and valued in the past. The item simply becomes an object, and its larger meaning is lost. The piece of the historical and cultural puzzle that it would provide may be gone forever, and when human remains are involved, the spiritual link is disturbed."
    • United States Department of Justice Offices of United States Attorneys.
  • Frequently Asked Questions about Cultural Resources
    • New York State Museum
  • Cultural Resources Manual
    • Ohio Department of Transportation Division of Planning Office of Environmental Services.
      • Chapter 1: Introduction- Purpose of the Manual
      • Chapter 2: Initiation of Section 106 Process and Identification of Consulting Parties
      • Chapter 3: Initial Scoping for Cultural Resource Investigations
      • Chapter 4: Section 106 Scoping Request
      • Chapter 5: Identification of Historic Properties: Phase 1 History/Architecture Survey
      • Chapter 6: Evaluation of Historic Properties: Phase II History/Architecture Survey
      • Chapter 7: Identification of Historic Properties: Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
      • Chapter 8: Evaluation of Historic Properties: Phase II Archaeological Survey
      • Chapter 9: Avoidance & Minimization Measures: No Adverse Effect
      • Chapter 10: Mitigation: Resolving Adverse Effects
      • Chapter 11: Determination of Effects Report Guidelines
      • Chapter 12: Final Engineering Phase & Construction Phase Activities
      • Appendix A: The Section 106 Process: A Summary
      • Appendix B: Introduction to the National Register of Historic Places
      • Appendix C: Photography Guidelines
      • Appendix D: History-Architecture Report Guidelines
      • Appendix E: Archaeology Report Guidelines
      • Appendix F: Artifact Collection, Return and Curation
      • Appendix G: Historic bridge Guidance
      • Appendix H: Acronyms
      • Appendix I: Glossary
      • Appendix J: References and Web Resources
      • Appendix K: Map Examples
  • Archaeology Gone Wrong
    • January 1, 2014.
    • "We have not been stakeholders in the conversations about the treatment of our ancestors for far too long. I read of digs in other countries and the wealth of new understandings of the ancient past from the bones themselves. The difference between the Americas and the digs occurring in the rest of the world is that the community to which the remains belong were not involved in the conversations. Until we attempt to communicate with each other what it is we are trying to protect or to discover, neither side will have a fullness of knowledge, and that is what we all really want." -Ben Barnes, Second Chief of the Shawnee Tribe."
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Wednesday, December 9, 2015

NAGPRA Review Committee Gets Three New Members

November 20, 2015.
Indian Country Today, has written a brief article about the recent appointment of three new members to the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Review Committee who will represent national museum and scientific organizations.

"[U.S. Secretary of the Interior Sall] Jewell appoints members based on nominations by Indian tribes, Native Hawaiian organizations, traditional Native American religious leaders, national museum organizations and national scientific organizations, the NPS said. The committee monitors, reviews and helps implement some of NAGPRA’s requirements."

To read the full article, click here.

For more information,
Visit:
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Wednesday, August 19, 2015

Jackson County Man Pleads Guilty to Buying Stolen Native American Remains

August, 5, 2015.
Kathy Lynn Gray, The Columbus Dispatch, has written a brief article about an Ohioan's one count of trafficking in Native American remains. This case was criminally prosecuted under the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) which "provides a process for museums and Federal agencies to return certain Native American cultural items -- human remains, funerary objects, sacred objects, or objects of cultural patrimony -- to lineal descendants, and culturally affiliated Indian tribes and Native Hawaiian organizations" -National NAGPRA.

"After the hearing, Jackson County Sheriff Tedd Frazier said that Beatty had purchased the remains of two adults and six juveniles from three men who had dug them up from a farm on Sour Run Road in the county. Some of the remains, believed to be prehistoric, were full skeletons, he said."

To read the full article, click here.

For more information,
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Thursday, August 13, 2015

NAGPRA Awards $1.5 Million for Repatriation of Ancestors' Remains and Sacred Objects

July, 23, 2015.
Indian Country Today has written an informative article about recent grants under the Native American Graves and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) which will allow the remains of over 300 ancestors to return home.

"Besides repatriating more than 300 ancestors, the grants will enable the return of “numerous funerary and traditional items to Indian tribes across the United States, travel by Indian tribal representatives to consultations with museums holding potentially affiliated remains and other cultural items, specialized training for both museums and tribes on NAGPRA, and the development of a tribal coalition to collaborate and facilitate the repatriation of significant collections currently in museums,” the NPS said."

To read the full article, click here.

For more information,
Visit:
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Tuesday, March 17, 2015

Online Resources for Teachers

This list is not by any means complete and any views expressed in the links below
 are meant to inform; not to represent the viewpoints of the Newark Earthworks Center 
or the Ohio State University.

Remember to check out our Archive Sources Tag
for more detailed analysis and potential sources of primary documentation.

The Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma's 2013 visit to the Newark Earthworks for a World Heritage Celebration.
The Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma's 2013 visit
 to the Newark Earthworks for a World Heritage Celebration.
For information about a specific Nation's traditions, 
please remember to contact them directly 
for recommendations and suggestions. 
Our available field trips, summer camp opportunities, and school outreach programs.

Helpful Links
Lesson Plans
Online Exhibits
Videos
  • Midwest Native & Earthworks Video Tab
  • The Chickasaw Nation.TV
  • The Archaeological Channel
  • In the Light of Reverence
    • Sacred Land Film Project, 2001.
    • "explores American culture’s relationship to nature in three places considered sacred by native peoples: the Colorado Plateau in the Southwest, Mount Shasta in California, and Devils Tower in Wyoming. Rich in minerals and timber and beloved by recreational users, these “holy lands” exert a spiritual gravity which pulls Native Americans into conflicts with mining companies, New Age practitioners, and rock climbers. Ironically, all sides see themselves as besieged. Their battles tell a new story of culture clashes in an ancient landscape"
  • Mysteries of the Ancient Architects
    • Hopewell Culture National Historical Park, 2012.
    • The Archaeology Channel, short clip.
    • "Beginning over 2000 years ago, enormous  Glossary Link earthworks were built along Ohio’s Scioto River, all constructed on a grand scale with intriguing precision. Many were designed as combinations of giant geometric squares, circles, and octagons. Amazingly, the earthworks seem to adhere to a master architectural design, the earthen signature of a bygone culture. We will never know what these people called themselves, but today the ancient builders are known to archaeologists as the Hopewell Culture. These people had neither towns nor villages. But they did have big ideas and advanced understandings of geometry and astronomy to carry them out. The mysteries persist. Yet, here, we find a tantalizing glimpse into a way of life that resulted in monuments of earth that challenge the imagination."
  • National NAGPRA Youtube
  • Ojibwe Waasa-Inaabidaa, "We Look in All Directions"
    • "Over three years in the making, this comprehensive six-part documentary series covers 19 Ojibwe Bands in three states and spans over 500 years of Ojibwe history and culture"
  • Public Broadcasting Station (PBS)
  • The Sun Dagger
    • Solstice Project, 1983.
    • "More than a thousand years ago, the Anasazi, in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, set three slabs of stone at the top of Fajada Butte and inscribed two spirals on the rockface below. The positioning of the slabs produces daggers of light on the spirals that indicate the first day of winter, spring, summer, and autumn. The way light falls on the large spiral at moonrise also indicates the progress of the 19-year cycle of the Moon. The perfect meeting of the Sun, the Moon, the Earth, and Time."
  • Teaching Rocks
    • Lloyd Walton, 1987.
    • Vimeo
      • "A visually arresting film, concentrates on the native art of the Ojibwa tribe. Much Ojibwa history and philosophy has been related through the rock carvings and paintings which are featured throughout this work. The voices of the Elders are heard in the film, describing the tales of creation and existence that mark the group's iconography. A sense of mystery informs this evocative film as the realization strikes that no individual can expect to penetrate the mythos of the Ojibwa."
  • We Shall Remain: America Through Native Eyes
    • PBS, 2009.
    • "They were charismatic and forward thinking, imaginative and courageous, compassionate and resolute, and, at times, arrogant, vengeful, and reckless. For hundreds of years, Native American leaders from Massasoit, Tecumseh, and Tenskwatawa, to Major Ridge, Geronimo,
      • and Fools Crow, valiantly resisted expulsion from their lands and fought the extinction of their culture. Sometimes, their strategies were militaristic, but more often they were diplomatic, spiritual, legal, and political.
      From PBS s acclaimed history series, American
      Experience, in association with Native American Public Telecommunications, We Shall Remain establishes Native history as an essential part of American history. These five documentaries spanning three hundred years tell the story of pivotal moments in U.S. history from the Native American perspective, upending two-dimensional stereotypes of American Indians as simply ferocious warriors or peaceable lovers of the land."
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Monday, March 2, 2015

Tribal Support is Necessary in Upholding the Importance of the Ohio Earthworks

Timm Whissen
Marti Chaatsmith, Associate Director of the Newark Earthworks Center, lecturing on Tribal Participation and the Preservation of Ohio Earthworks. Image Courtesy of Timothy E. Black, DMIN Photography.
Marti Chaatsmith lecturing on Tribal Participation and the Preservation of Ohio Earthworks. Image Courtesy of Timothy E. Black, DMIN Photography.
Marti L. Chaatsmith, Associate Director of the Newark Earthworks Center, gave the second of three NEC sponsored lectures titled, “Tribal Participation in the Preservation of Ohio Earthworks” on Wednesday, February 11th at the Ohio State University at Newark.

She opened her lecture up by stating that all these lands in Ohio had been loved and revered by Ancient Indians. Every step we take throughout our day is placed on lands that had been understood by people long before the settlement of the area by whites during the 18th century.

In fact, early American settlement in the Ohio region had functioned by pushing Indians off the lands and plowing flat ancient mounds in order to claim private property. Anything considered Indian was targeted, including; towns, fields, graves, and earthworks.

By the mid-1800s, the last remaining Ohio Indian tribes were forced to cede lands in the name of American advancement. The lasting result of expansion into Ohio, she stated, “There are no federally recognized Indian tribes in Ohio today.”

Without the help of federally recognized tribal support, private property owners are given free reign over any ancient Indian structures or artifacts that were created long before lands had been seized.

In Newark, all but the Great Circle and the Octagon earthworks had been destroyed in this way.

The understanding and reverence for the earthworks that Indians exhibited for two-thousand years had also been lost when forced removal occurred; within a century white settlers had destroyed a large majority of the ancient structures across Ohio.

Within the past few years the Newark Earthworks Center has reached out to tribal communities, like the Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma and the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi in Michigan, and has gained support in achieving World Heritage Status for the Ohio Earthworks; which would help protect the structures from any future damage.

With the support of Indian tribes across the country comes a renewed appreciation and respect for the Ohio Earthworks and in the efforts made to preserve them in their natural state.

The Ohio Earthworks stood as a representation of a highly complex society who had gained the respect of many generations of people after them, which is why the mounds had lasted for thousands of years. Continued support from American Indian tribes will help raise an understanding and awareness for preserving the Earthworks while also serving as a way for individuals to connect with the past.
For more information,
Visit:
Publications Include:
*Links provided require a sign in to EBSCO Host database. 
Ohio State University students can use their student log-in to access the database
 through the university's library page, here.
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Wednesday, August 27, 2014

National Park Service Announces Grants to Help Native Americans Identify and Repatriate Human Remains, Cultural Objects

August 19, 2014.
The National Park Service has awarded 29 grants to support "the efforts of museums, Indian tribes, Alaska native villages and Native Hawaiian organizations in the documentation of NAGPRA-related objects... ant to pay for the costs associated with the return of the remains and objects to their native people".

"Projects funded by the grant program includes consultations to identify and affiliate individuals 
and cultural items, training for both museum and tribal staff on NAGPRA, digitizing collection 
records for consultation, consultations regarding culturally unaffiliated individuals, as well as the 
preparation and transport of items back to their native people."

To read the rest of the news release, click here.

For more information relating the awards, 
contact Sherry Hutt, National NAGPRA Program Manager, 
at 202-354-1479 or sherry_hutt@nps.gov .


 For more information about NAGPRA and cultural repatriation, Visit:

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Tuesday, June 10, 2014

Indian Claims Commission Decisions

Oklahoma State University, following their terms and conditions of use, has digitized all 
of the Indian Claims Commission Decisions from 1948 through 1978. 
The collection is organized in volumes, 1-43, with each decision marked with 
the docket number and the plaintiff tribe and accessible through the page number to the right. 

The Indian Claims Commission was established in August of 1946 to "hear and determine [land] claims against the United States on behalf of any tribe, band, or other identifiable group of American Indians residing in the United States and filed within 5 years of the passage of the establishing act and was abolished by September 1978"

Indian Claims Commission Decisions Digitized


Index


National NAGPRA

National NAGPRA, has a digitized map of the Indian Land Claims Judicially Established in 1978 based on the Indian Claims Commission's decisions which can be found here. 
Our previous post on the map can be found 
on February 17, 2014 or here.

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